The safest choice are nickel alloys with Mo. They will handle high dilution and will match thermal properties of the carbon steel while being ductile enough to adapt to the thermal properties of the SS's.
Plus, they will certainly be alloyed enough to exceed the alloy additions of the 317.
You may possibly be able to use a 309Mo (which would be cheaper) but I think the nickels are a safer choice.
Given that the clads are 316/317 Mo is probably an issue for pitting so the 309Mo version would applicable. But remember, Cr is a part of the PRE as well so the high Cr nickels will have high PRE numbers and do well in pitting services.