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Most commercially available electrodes have a beeswax coating, there's one that has a pvc coating. Then there are those companies that dip their rods in their own blend of chemicals. Now the flux composition, that depends on whose electrode that you're talking about. Commercially available rods are generally a topside electrode, some companies have their rod manufactured with some different ingredients. The main concern with underwater welding is hydrogen entrapment.
Charles Welch