The only information I can find is they use transducers with a frequency of 3 - 10 MHz

I've meet a lot of UT hands in my life. There was a gentlemen I worked with 15 years ago that to this day, I've not found anything he didn't already know. He got his NDE start in Pearl Harbor.
His dad was killed during the initial raid. Tried to join the navy, but he was only 13 at the time, so he started working on ships. They wouldn't let him weld or fit because they considered him too young, and being the only provider for his mother and sister, it was considered too dangerous. However, they did put him to working inspecting onshore, and NDE in general. He passed away two years ago of a massive heart attack while performing an EMAT examination. Seventy years later, he died doing what he loved.

I had the very good fortune to have him take me under his wing for a couple of those years. He loved NDE in all it's forms, but most of all it was UT.

I made a very similar statement to yours when I first meet him. His answer was the exact one I gave you in the first sentence except with 50 years experience instead of 30. I apologize if it sounded like an attack, what Robert told me back then popped into my head when I read your statement. The man had forgotten more about NDE than most will ever know.

Regarding the second half of your post,

They do have an A scan B scan, C scan S scan etc presentations. They have straight beam modes, don't use a lot of shear as NDE hands would know it. They use Doppler UT extensively, as well as destructive UT for killing cyst and tumors. Phased array is common, especially in Obstetric Ultrasound. Frequencies range from .250 mhz to 18 mhz, with some experimental versions ranging up to 50mhz. I suppose some of the more notable differences is the use of pulsed wave doppler, considerably lower transducer excitation energy, pulse inversion, among the more notables.

There are some direct similarities but for the most part, it's like comparing sonar to radar.