Dale,
"A" is an ASTM designation for materials indicating that the iron content is 50% or more (ferrous material). If the iron content is less than 50%, the next abundant element would determine the alloy type (and the specification generally would start with the letter B).
If an ASTM material specification has been adopted by ASME, an "S" is added to the designation.
The SA (SA-106) means it is a ferrous material specification from ASTM, that has been adopted for Code use by ASME. THis is important to note for material applications on any ASME/National Board Code project.
I'll email you some literature describing this in a bit more detail.
Charles