Hello there, I got my AA in Welding and fabrication a few years back so I've been in your situation.
i suggest picking up a book.
hobart makes some good ones like
http://www.welding.org/p-124-pocket-welding-guide-30th-edition.aspx the pocket welding guide. Lincoln makes "metals and how to weld them"
honestly though I can't think of a single website book, or reference that lists all the operating procedures you listed. Or they'll be extremely general and vague because theres way too many parameters to make a comprehensive list. weldreality has a few paramters mostly to do with shielding gas, but again this will all change the second you change your position, material thickness, weld shape, fit up etc. Way too much to be listed in books efficiently.
In general when I was in my first year or so, teachers and experienced welders would generally give you good parameters to start at. I say it's better to learn the ins and outs of what effects a weld and from there you can go about setting up machines without having to refer to thick tomes. Now when I setup a machine I usually go for a desired effect (100% penetration, max practical depositon etc) and then adjust parameters until I get values that would meet that goal.
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