I wondered the same, But I figured they meant 22.5 degree off of the 90, which is 67.5 :)
People get "spoiled" because a 45 degree cut is simple, in that it is 45 regardless of which side You measure from. Any other angle and You have to think a little harder.
I thought about it while driving yesterday and figured it out, well in my brain. I'm not cutting it at 22.5 I'm taking away 22.5 from 90 to give me 67.5 as Henry pointed out. I explained it over the phone to my wife and she came to me when I got in the door last night at 10:30. She had it laid out on graph paper(octagon) and had the pipe outside ring. She said if she extended one of the pipe pieces past the angle(22.5) and made it a 90 then it showed the 22.5 angle. More or less working with a right triangle. Interesting bit of schooling for both of us yesterday. Thanks for all the help and information.......education!!
"The only question I have is how one could come up with a 22.5 degree angle represented & labeled in the "o.jpg" when it is clearly much larger in size visually without even measuring it??? :-)"
Ans: (I think) Manual input/Whoopsie :-)