Yes, No & Maybe. There are some simple tests that will prove an armature bad, but passing these simple tests does not prove that it is good.
With an ohm meter, there should be no reading from the copper bars to the armature shaft or to the iron laminations.
You should get the same reading from any commutator bar to the one opposite it [180 degrees, or half way around the commutator].
As these tests are done at really low voltage, a breakdown of the insulation that causes problems at operating voltage may not show up. A motor shop has a device to test at high voltage.
A growler can detect problems that are hard or impossible to find with an ohm meter.