If the material is SAE 1045 steel (I suppose that the "v" in 10v45 was put by mistyping), then there's no chrome at all in it. 1045 is a carbon steel whose carbon content is 0.45 %, with up to 1% manganese and minimum amounts of sulfur, phosphorus and silicon.
If 0.45 % of carbon makes welding difficult, case hardening makes welding impossible. So, it's imperative that you remove the case hardened portion (or thickness) of the rod. Fortunately, the case hardend thickness is just a few tenths of a millimeter, so the rod diameter won't be compromised.
A word of warning. If you intend to remove it by machining it in a lathe, you must use a carbide (tungsten carbide actually) cutting tool. Rapid steel tools do nothing on case hardened steel. Better still would be to remove the case hardened portion by grinding.
Once you've removed the case hardened portion, you can weld your mount directly on the rod. Due to the fact of the 0.45 % carbon content, some precautions should be taken: preheat to 200°F, keep the interpass temperature constant, slow cooling by wrapping the weld and adjacent region with insulating material, electrode selection.
I can't suggest an electrode right now, I should look into my books. However, it shouldn't be very difficult for you to chose the right electrode if you make a quick search into the catalogs of reputable electrodes manufacturers.
Giovanni S. Crisi
Sao Paulo - Brazil