Evan,
1st. Thank you for serving our country!
2. Welcome to the forum.
3, 4, 5, 6, etc.. You are asking a bunch of questions.
Isn't Tulsa offering blueprint reading in the program your currently taking?
I know Tulsa is primarily targeting pipe welding, so they should have some training for fitting as well... You are certainly worth more money if you fit and weld...
Pay really depends on what you want to do... There are traveling cross country pipe welders who make 100K without much overtime just about every year. It takes time to gain the skills they have and most folks go into that specialty as "helpers" who do the bidding of the Journeyman welder and learn at his feet so to speak.
Manufacturing often starts with pretty low pay but can move up quickly in the right shops.. Some shops never pay well. You just gotta research... Nonetheless, you can learn quite a bit in a sweatshop, I know I have. Some people would rather work for low wages for a season than not work at all, I guess now a days that is just a personal preference...
Plenty of ship building going on in the gulf states and up the east and west coasts, not to mention the great lakes. Certifiable skills in GMAW, SMAW, FCAW and GTAW will make you marketable with them... You may not need all of those processes in your pocket when you start.. But the more you have the more interensting and profitable your work will be. If you have certifiable process skills, the rest of your shipfitting training will likely be provided by your employer.
Power and Chemical... Pipe and tube for power generation is huge in the NC triangle and all up the eastern seaboard.. This is a bit different from cross country pipelining, but very profitable.
I hope you found the post encouraging.. It was ment to be.