The AWS code system for identification of SMAW electrodes: Specification for Covered Electrodes, A5.1
For SMAW Rod (Electrode) The fourth or Fifth digit determine the flux coating (which in turn determines the polarity/s.)
Here is a link that demonstrates how the system works:
http://www.metroweld.com/faq.htm#3.%20What%20do%20the%20numbers%20on%20welding%20rod%20mean?