examination. The use of ultrasonic and radiographic testing methods are important to reveal any defects that occur below the welding surface, such as slag inclusion — Fig. 5. Using NDE methods in conjunction with recorded visual images from the live weld cameras make postweld assessments easier when gauging whether or not the performed work meets industry standards. Additionally, the CWE can instruct students how to use NDE equipment to find welding defects, and then reinforce how those defects occur by review of the recorded visuals. The final postwelding testing technique is destructive testing. Bend and pull tests and macrographs of weld cross sections prove the weld to be sound and are useful educational examples. Figure 5 shows a clear example of a postweld slag inclusion that would not be visible without using X-ray or ultrasonic imaging and then cutting a cross section of the joint. Conclusion Certified Welding Inspectors and Educators uphold the AWS welding quality standards with the latest inspection technology and effective training with the use of this technology. Appropriate inspection methods and testing equipment must not only be used during every phase of the weld process, but also be used in tandem to ensure complete weld quality assurance during production. Visual examination and documentation before, during, and after the basic and advanced weld processes remain the backbone for inspection. In the present day, where time and materials are more costly, there is a higher demand for utilizing more innovative weld inspection technology for maximum production efficiency. Weld inspection technology is not only an aid, but a critical component to ensure applicable quality and safety standards are met. It is critical for CWIs and CWEs to use camera technology while the weld is taking place in order to illustrate and analyze important aspects of why and how defects, such as porosity, cracks, and slag inclusion may occur. Additionally, the use of ultrasonic and X-ray NDE equipment helps identify subsurface defects that disqualify a poor weld. These testing methods used comprehensively during the various stages of welding will decrease chances of missing a weld defect. As we move forward in the 21st century, more welding techniques and methods will be invented, innovated upon, and implemented in manufacturing and construction weld processes. The quality of parts, assemblies, and structures will continue to become more complex. It is only natural that the highest quality welding methods and industry standards must keep pace with our evolving, globally industrial world. In order to meet or exceed these standards, inspection-technology tools must be innovated upon and utilized to help the manufacturing and construction industries continue to flourish. 50 WELDING JOURNAL / NOVEMBER 2015 WJ WILL HABERMANN (whabermann@intertest.com) is technical product coordinator, Intertest, Inc., Columbia, N.J. For info, go to www.aws.org/adindex
Welding Journal | November 2015
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